チャップリンの独裁者・最後の演説(英語資料)

The Last Speech from the movie “The Great Dictator”

by Charles Chaplin

I’m sorry, but I don’t want to be an emperor. That’s not my business. I don’t want to rule or conquer anyone. I should like to help everyone if possible —Jew, Gentile, black man, white. We all want to help one another, human beings are like that. We want to live by each other’s happiness, not by each other’s misery. We don’t want to hate and despise one another.

In this world there’s room for everyone and the good earth is rich, and can provide for everyone. The way of life can be free and beautiful. But we have lost the way. Greed has poisoned men’s souls, has barricaded the world with hate, has goose-stepped us into misery and bloodshed. We have developed speed, but we have shut ourselves in. Machinery that gives abundance has left us in want.

Our knowledge has made us cynical, our cleverness hard and unkind. We think too much and feel too little. More than machinery, we need humanity. More than cleverness, we need kindness and gentleness. Without these qualities life will be violent, and all will be lost.

The aeroplane and the radio have brought us closer together. The very nature of these inventions cries out for the goodness in men, cries out for universal brotherhood for the unity of us all. Even now my voice is reaching millions throughout the world, millions of despairing men, women and little children —

victims of a system that makes men torture and imprison innocent people.

To those who can hear me I say: “Do not despair. The misery that is now upon us is but the passing of greed, the bitterness of men who fear the way of human progress, the hate of men who will pass, and dictators die. And the power they took from the people will return to the people. And so long as men die, liberty will never perish.”

Soldiers, don’t give yourselves to brutes — men who despise you, enslave you,

who regiment your lives, tell you what to do, what to think and what to feel, who drill you, diet you, treat you like cattle, use you as cannon fodder. Don’t give yourselves to these unnatural men! Machine men, with machine minds and machine hearts! You are not machines! You are not cattle! You are men!

You have the love of humanity in your hearts. You don’t hate.

Only the unloved hate, the unloved and the unnatural. Soldiers, don’t fight for slavery! Fight for liberty!

In the seventeenth chapter of St. Luke it is written: “The Kingdom of God is within man.” Not one man, nor a group of men, but in all men! In you! You, the people, have the power! The power to create machines. The power to create happiness. You the people have the power to make this life free and beautiful, to make this life a wonderful adventure. Then in the name of democracy, let us use that power. Let us all unite! Let us fight for a new world. A decent world, that will give men a chance to work, that will give youth a future and old age a security. By the promise of these things, brutes have risen to power. But they lie. They do not fulfill that promise. They never will. Dictators free themselves, but they enslave the people.

Now let us fight to fulfill that promise. Let us fight to free the world.

To do away with national barriers. To do away with greed with hate and intolerance. Let us fight for a world of reason. A world where science and progress will lead to all men’s happiness.

Soldiers, in the name of democracy, let us all unite!

オーストリッチにいる恋人ハンナへの呼びかけ

Look up! Look up! The clouds are lifting – the sun is breaking through. We are coming out of the darkness into the light. We are coming into a new world. A kind new world where men will rise above their hate and brutality. The soul of man has been given wings – and at last he is beginning to fly. He is flying into the rainbow – into the light of hope – into the future, that glorious future that belongs to you, to me and to all of us. Look up. Look up.”

チャップリン自伝より

Half-way through making the Great Dictator I began receiving alarming messages from United Artists. They had been advised by the Hays Office that I would run into censorship trouble. —– But I was determined to go ahead, for Hitler must be laughed at. Had I known of the actual horrors of the German concentration camps, I could not have made The Great Dictator; I could not made fun of the homicidal insanity of the Nazis. However, I was determined to ridicule their mythic bilge about a pure-blooded race. As though such a thing ever existed outside of the Australian Aborigines!

私のALT(assistant language teacher )外国語補助教員、外国語指導助手に対する
英語教授法の発表より

My opinion from “Beyond conventional teaching methods.”

The Great Dictator” by Charles Chaplin was the first movie I used in class.

Nineteen years ago when I was a trainee English teacher, I happened to read

Chaplin’s book in the school library. I was very much impressed by his last

speech in the Great Dictator. He made this movie to promote his message against

war and Fascism. At that time I had a strong will to teach his last speech.

Two years later I became an English teacher. Unfortunately in those days

we couldn’t use videos, nor his tape, because the movie was not made into

a videotape due to copyright laws. Moreover most schools didn’t have a VCR,

let alone Japanese households.

Ten years ago NHK broadcasted the Great Dictator, and then I started to teach

his last speech. Now I will show you a part of it via videotape.

In this movie Chaplin plays the role of Hitler and a Jewish barber.

After the Nazi invasion of Austria, the new dictator made this speech.

He said, More than machinery we need humanity. More than cleverness we need

kindness and gentleness. Without these qualities life will be violent.

And all will be lost.” In our English education we need gentleness, kindness, and patience. Do you agree with me?

( I will use a videotape of the Great Dictator for 5 minutes.)

How did that feel to you? This movie was released in 1940. Hitler was still

alive then. The Holocaust was beginning at that time in Europe. And many innocent people were killed all over the world. When I teach the Great Dictator”, I use more than 15 hand-outs about Chaplin, Hitler, Anne Frank, history, the Holocaust, Fascism and their backgrounds. Chaplin has been well known as a famous comedian, but I knew that he was a real humanist when I read his last

speech. But he was expelled from the U.S.A. in 1949 by the Red Purge, McCarthyism. When he left America, he just said, “I am a peace monger.”

In my experience, students have been very moved by this movie and have thought

about peace, war, the Holocaust and the danger of Fascism. And they began to

think about the importance of humanism, gentleness and kindness.

If our students are noisy, rude, and idle, they will learn something good from

this movie without fail, because Chaplin showed us his way of life against war and

racial discrimination. In the movie there is the humanism which we have to ask for

in our life. We can find truth in his speech.

Most students have no interest in listening materials if they are not amusing or

interesting. When students are moved very much by English materials, they have

a strong will to listen to them. That is the point.

In other words, it is not so easy to have students listen to English materials

such as movies, because the speed of conversation in the movie is too fast for

the students to listen to. But we have to make students listen to English

conversation at a normal speed. It is very difficult for students to listen to

movies, even if we teach English perfectly.

When students listen to English movies, they quickly stop listening and read

the Japanese translation because of the actor’s speech speed. It depends on

the students’ motivation whether or not they will have a will to listen to listening materials.

The key to bringing out their motivation depends on the contents of

the materials.

Now I will show you a part of “Dead Poets Society”

( I will use a videotape of Dead Poets Society for 2 minutes.)

あらすじ

第一次世界大戦後、トメニア(ドイツ)では、独裁者ヒンケル(ヒットラー)が、鉄の規律をもって、支配していた。ある日、ヒンケルは書斎で、ユダヤ人ジェノサイド( genocide: mass murder, especially among particular race or nation.)と世界征服を夢見ながら、風船でできた地球儀をもてあそんでいた。(風船はわれてしまうのですが、このシーンは有名です。)そこに、ユダヤ人資本家からオーストリッチ(オーストリア)侵攻するための戦費融資を断る電話が入り、ヒンケルは激怒し、ユダヤ人絶滅

計画と財産の没収を命じる。そのユダヤ人ゲットーには、ヒンケルとうりふたつの

床屋がいた。(チャップリン二役)彼は、収容所に入れられるが、ヒンケルに逆らい、収容所送りとなったシュルツ将軍(床屋によって、第一次世界大戦中、命を救われる。)と脱走するのである。オーストリッチ併合の演説のために、ヒンケルは国境付近に

いたのであるが、たまたま、一人でカモ狩りをしていた。そこに、捜索に来た、収容所の兵隊達によって、床屋と間違われて捕まってしまうのである。一方、シュルツ

将軍と逃げ出した床屋は、国境に向かっていたのだが、独裁者ヒンケルに間違われ、

世界に向かって演説することになる。最初、オドオドとしていた床屋は、次第に

反ナチズムの思いを絶叫しはじめる。—————

解説

この映画は、1938年にシナリオが制作され、1939年制作、1940年に封切りされた。チャップリンの偉大さは、ヒットラーが生存中にこの映画を作ったことで

ある。当時、ハリウッドはドイツ系アメリカ人が支配していたため、制作にはかなり

妨害があったという。また、この映画はトーキーができてもずっとサイレント映画を撮り続けてきたチャップリンが、初めて画面で話した最初の映画でもある。その後、

チャップリンは殺人狂時代で「平和な時、人を一人でも殺せば、殺人者だが、戦争の

時は1000人殺せば、英雄になる。」と述べている。その後、チャップリンはあの悪名高き、赤狩り(マッカーシズム)によって、世論から批判され、“I am a peace monger.” と言ってアメリカを去ることになる。最近亡くなった淀川長治さんは、チャップリンの大ファンであったが、彼はまさに脚本、監督、主演、作曲までをこなす天才であった。

Notes

Jew: a member of a people, whose religion is Judaism, who lived in ancient times

in the land of Israel, some of whom now live in the modern state of Israel and

other in various countries throughout the world.

Gentile: a person who is not Jewish.

live by: behave according to the rules of.

room: extent of space available for something.

provide for: supply with the things necessary for life.

goose-step: If soldiers goose-step, they march in such a way that lift their legs high

and do not bend their knees.

in want: want = severe lack of things necessary of life.

cynical: adj. cynic = a person who believes that people only do things for selfish

reasons.

humanity: the quality of being humane or human.

cry out for: to need sth (something) very much.

universal brotherhood: 四海同胞 すべての人が兄弟のように仲良くすること。

the passing of greed: 擬人化されている。欲張り(独裁者)のつかの間の仕業。

bitterness: anger and unhappiness as a result of sth bad happening.

pass: come to an end.

so long as: 〜する限り

give oneself to : sacrifice or submit to the loss of ( one’s life or possession ) for some

purpose.

enslave: make into a slave

drill: train (soldiers) in military movements.

diet: fix, prescribe, or regulate the food of ( a person ) in nature or quantity,

for a purpose.

cannon fodder: military soldiers thought of as nothing but military material to be

used without regard for their lives.

unnatural: at variance with natural feeling or moral standard; excessively cruel

or wicked.

the unloved: unloved people.

the unnatural: unnatural people.

the seventeenth chapter of St. Luke: Neither shall they say, Lo here! or lo there!

for, behold, the kingdom of God is within you.

do away with: cause to end, abolish.

カテゴリー: 英語学習資料   パーマリンク

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